Brazilian Journal of Pain
https://brjp.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2595-0118.20190004
Brazilian Journal of Pain
Artigo Original

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pharmacological methods of labor analgesia

Conhecimento, atitude e prática em relação aos métodos farmacológicos de analgesia de parto

Bianca Ruschel Hillmann; Ana Maria Nunes de Faria Stamm

http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2595-0118.20190004 BrJP, vol.2, n1, p.14-19, 2019
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Labor pain is caused by several physiological changes and may cause psychological damage to the parturient and her relatives and, therefore, must be relieved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of obstetricians concerning pharmacological methods of labor analgesia.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study (38 obstetricians working at public maternity hospitals). A structured questionnaire was applied about knowledge, attitude and practice concerning systemic and regional pharmacological methods. The agreement magnitude was assessed by kappa coefficient.

RESULTS: We observed adequate knowledge about the indications of all methods (31 to 86%), the contraindications of opioids (92%) and the adverse effects of non-opioid analgesics /antispasmodics on the fetus (76%). Concerning attitude, they agree that non-opioid analgesics/antispasmodics do not minimize labor pain (98%) but should be available at the maternity wards (89%) and that epidural analgesia is effective (100%) and should be available (94%). In practice, the indication of non-opioid analgesics/antispasmodic and epidural analgesia prevailed. In most of the requirements in each dimension (knowledge: K=-0.092 to 0.158; p=0.057 to 1.0 and attitude: K=-0.005 to 0.472; p=0.004 to 1.0), there was minimal agreement with practice, except for the non-opioid analgesics/antispasmodics (K=0.421, p=0.009), and epidural analgesia (K=0.472, p=0.004), with a moderate agreement.

CONCLUSION: Knowledge was heterogeneous. The attitude was unanimous concerning the effectiveness and the need of having epidural available, and the ineffectiveness of non-opioid analgesics/ antispasmodics, and the practice of prescribing them. There was a minimal agreement between knowledge and practice, and between attitude and practice on most of the other requirements in each dimension.

Keywords

Analgesia, Attitude and practice in health, Childbirth pain, Knowledge, Medical education, Obstetric analgesia, Pharmacological treatment

Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor do parto é causada por diversas alterações fisiológicas e pode causar danos psicológicos à parturiente e seus familiares, portanto, deve ser aliviada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento, atitude e prática de obstetras sobre métodos farmacológicos de analgesia de parto.

MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com amostra de conveniência (38 obstetras que atuam em maternidades públicas). Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado sobre conhecimento, atitude e prática em relação a métodos farmacológicos sistêmicos e regionais. Magnitude de concordância avaliada pelo coeficiente Kappa.

RESULTADOS: Observou-se conhecimento adequado nas indicações de todos os métodos (31 a 86%), contraindicações dos opioides (92%) e efeitos adversos de analgésicos simples/antiespasmódicos no feto (76%). Na atitude, concordam que os analgésicos simples/antiespasmódicos não funcionam no alívio da dor do parto (98%), mas devem estar disponíveis nas maternidades (89%), e que a analgesia peridural é eficaz (100%) e deve estar disponível (94%). Na prática, prevaleceu a indicação de analgésicos simples/antiespasmódicos e da analgesia peridural. Na maioria dos quesitos, em cada dimensão (conhecimento: K=-0,092 a 0,158; p=0,057 a 1,0 e atitude: K=-0,005 a 0,472; p=0,004 a 1,0), houve concordância mínima com a prática, excetuando analgésicos simples/antiespasmódicos (K=0,421; p=0,009) e analgesia peridural (K=0,472; p=0,004), com concordância moderada.

CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento foi heterogêneo. A atitude foi unânime quanto à eficácia e necessidade da analgesia peridural estar disponível, e ineficácia dos analgésicos simples e antiespasmódicos, e a prática de prescrevê-los. Houve concordância mínima entre o conhecimento e a prática, e entre a atitude e a prática, na maioria dos outros quesitos em cada uma das dimensões.

Palavras-chave

Analgesia, Analgesia obstétrica, Atitudes e prática em saúde, Conhecimentos, Dor do parto, Educação médica, Tratamento farmacológico

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Submetido em:
12/10/2018

Aceito em:
14/12/2018

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