Brazilian Journal of Pain
https://brjp.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2595-0118.20200029
Brazilian Journal of Pain
Artigo Original

Anxiety and depression associated with pain and discomfort of temporomandibular disorders

Ansiedade e depressão associados à dor e desconforto das desordens temporomandibulares

Lélio Fernando Ferreira Soares; Lucas Machioni Coelho; Amália Moreno; Daniel Augusto de Faria Almeida; Marcela Filié Haddad

http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2595-0118.20200029 BrJP, vol.3, n2, p.147-152, 2020
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders includes local and systemic factors, with an emphasis on the occlusal condition, trauma, parafunctional activities, and emotional stress, deriving signs of anxiety and depression. These, in turn, are more likely to develop in the university population, due to the changes required when entering university and the demand for good performance. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between anxiety and depression symptoms and the existence of symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders in university students.

METHODS: An epidemiological, randomized, and cross-sectional clinical study conducted with 100 university students. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Axis II and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires were applied. For the statistical analysis, the Chi-square tests and the Logistic regression model were used.

RESULTS: The results of the present study consisted of responses from 79 women and 21 men, with a mean age of 19 years. The following associations were observed: general health status and depression; anxiety and pain in the face/ clicking; habit of grinding/clenching teeth when sleeping, and a “yes” answer to anxiety; discomfort with your teeth and depression; state of anguished/worried about all anxiety issues; depression and thoughts about death, difficulty in breathing and feeling discouraged about the future.

CONCLUSION: From the data obtained, it was possible to conclude that the presence of symptoms related to anxiety and depression interfere with the painful symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the addressed population.

Keywords

Signs and symptoms, Psychological stress, Temporomandibular joint disorders

Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A etiologia das disfunções temporomandibulares engloba fatores locais e sistêmicos, destacando-se a condição oclusal, trauma, atividades parafuncionais e estresse emocional, derivando-se os sinais de ansiedade e de depressão. Esses, por sua vez, apresentam maior propensão em se desenvolver na população universitária devido às mudanças exigidas ao ingressar na universidade e a cobrança por um bom desempenho. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão e a existência de sintomas associados às disfunções temporomandibulares em estudantes universitários.

MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo clínico epidemiológico, aleatório e transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 100 estudantes universitários, aos quais foram aplicados os questionários Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Eixo II e o Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado e o Modelo de regressão logística.

RESULTADOS: Os resultados do presente estudo foram constituídos pelas respostas de 79 mulheres e 21 homens, com média de idade de 19 anos. Foram observadas as seguintes associações: estado de saúde geral e depressão, ansiedade e dor na face/estalos, hábito de ranger/apertar os dentes ao dormir, e resposta “sim” para ansiedade, desconforto com seus dentes e depressão; estado de angustiado/preocupado com todas as questões de ansiedade; depressão e pensamentos sobre morte, dificuldade em respirar e sentir-se desanimado sobre o futuro.

CONCLUSÃO: A partir dos dados obtidos foi possível concluir que a presença de sintomas relativos à ansiedade e depressão interferem nos sintomas dolorosos das disfunções temporomandibulares da população abordada.

Palavras-chave

Estresse psicológico, Sinais e sintomas, Transtornos da articulação temporomandibular

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Submetido em:
15/01/2020

Aceito em:
18/04/2020

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