Brazilian Journal of Pain
https://brjp.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2595-0118.20200036
Brazilian Journal of Pain
Relato de Caso

Trigeminal Schwannoma simulating orofacial pain: differential diagnosis and treatment. Case report

Schwannoma trigeminal simulando dor orofacial: diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento. Relato de caso

Wagner Hummig; Thiago Kreutz Grossmann; Eduardo Grossmann

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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Orofacial pain is a major diagnostic challenge for the most experienced clinicians. Due to the complexity regarding the trigeminal-cervical joint, orofacial pain with the same etiology may present different symptoms, and pain with similar symptomatology may have different causes. The objective of this study was to alert health professionals about the importance of differential diagnosis in the hypothesis of trigeminal neuralgia, where the inclusion of the dentist in the medical-hospital team is of paramount importance in establishing the correct diagnosis.

CASE REPORT: Twenty-nine-year-old female patient complained of electric shock and pulsatile orofacial pain that covered the third division of the fifth cranial nerve on the right side. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of trigeminal Schwannoma, causing neuralgia due to its neural compressive nature. Two different neurosurgery departments suggested tumor resection. However, after the evaluation by a third neurosurgery department, in which a dentist, specialized in orofacial pain was part of the team, the complete evaluation established the final diagnosis of right lower first molar odontalgia, with irreversible acute pulpitis as the cause of the symptoms and the expansive lesion was only a radiological finding.

CONCLUSION: Interdisciplinary evaluation among physicians and dental surgeons is necessary to obtain the correct diagnosis when considering the hypothesis of trigeminal neuralgia.

Keywords

Facial pain, Neurilemmoma, Referred pain, Trigeminal neuralgia

Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As dores orofaciais representam grande desafio diagnóstico ao mais experiente clínico. Devido à complexidade do conjunto trigeminocervical, as dores orofaciais com a mesma etiologia podem apresentar sintomas diferentes, e dores com o mesmo sintoma podem ter etiologias diferentes. O objetivo foi alertar o profissional da saúde sobre a importância do diagnóstico diferencial quando aventada a hipótese diagnóstica de neuralgia trigeminal, e a presença do cirurgião-dentista na equipe médico-hospitalar é de suma importância para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico.

RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 29 anos, apresentou dor orofacial em choque elétrico e pulsátil que percorria o trajeto da terceira divisão do V par craniano, do lado direito. A ressonância nuclear magnética evidenciou Schwannoma trigeminal, sendo diagnosticada neuralgia trigeminal secundária à essa lesão expansiva. Foi sugerida ressecção tumoral em dois serviços de neurocirurgia. Contudo, após a avaliação de um terceiro serviço de neurocirurgia, com a participação de cirurgião-dentista especialista em dor orofacial, foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de odontalgia do primeiro molar inferior direito, com pulpite aguda irreversível, sendo essa a causa do quadro sintomático, e a lesão expansiva, apenas um achado radiológico.

CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação interdisciplinar entre médicos e cirurgiões-dentistas é necessária para o diagnóstico correto quando a hipótese diagnóstica for neuralgia trigeminal.

Palavras-chave

Dor facial, Dor referida, Neuralgia do trigêmeo, Neurilemoma

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Submetido em:
14/01/2020

Aceito em:
21/04/2020

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