Brazilian Journal of Pain
https://brjp.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2595-0118.20210007
Brazilian Journal of Pain
Artigo de Revisão

Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in athletes: integrative review

Prevalência da disfunção temporomandibular em atletas: revisão integrativa

Bruna Prade Medeiros; Eduardo Grossmann; Caren Serra Bavaresco

http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2595-0118.20210007 BrJP, vol.4, n1, p.72-76, 2021
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorder is considered to be a set of clinical manifestations that affect the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint and adjacent structures, whose signs and symptoms can negatively impact the quality of life of their patients. A population group in which the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder has increased in recent years is that of athletes. The aim of the present study was to conduct an integrative literature review to verify the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in athletes, as well as factors related to their predisposition.

CONTENTS: The searches were performed in the Medline, LILACS and Scielo databases, using the descriptors “temporomandibular joint”, “athletic injuries” and “temporomandibular disease”. Inclusion criteria were researches derived from primary data regardless of design, which was the target audience of athletes and that addressed the presence of temporomandibular joint or muscle dysfunction. Ten studies were selected and included in the review. The results obtained with the analysis of these articles showed that athletes are subject to temporomandibular disorders not only due to injuries suffered during competitions, but also due to factors associated with stress and the use of specific devices for sports practice.

CONCLUSION: The occurrence of temporomandibular disorders is common among athletes, but can be avoided with the use of preventive measures and conservative treatments. Dental monitoring is essential for these professionals to perform well, preventing the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders or treating them when they occur.

Keywords

Athletes, Bruxism, Oral health, Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome

Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A disfunção temporomandibular é considerada um conjunto de alterações que acometem os músculos mastigatórios, articulação temporomandibular e estruturas adjacentes, os quais podem impactar negativamente na qualidade de vida dos seus portadores. Um grupo populacional no qual a prevalência de disfunção temporomandibular tem aumentado nos últimos anos é o de atletas. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura a fim de verificar a prevalência das disfunções temporomandibulares em atletas, bem como os fatores relacionados a sua predisposição.

CONTEÚDO: As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Medline, LILACS e Scielo, utilizando os descritores “temporomandibular joint”, “athletic injuries” e “temporomandibular disease”. Os critérios de inclusão foram pesquisas oriundas de dados primários com qualquer delineamento; tendo como público-alvo os atletas e que abordassem a presença de disfunção temporomandibular articular ou muscular. Foram selecionados 10 estudos que foram incluídos nesta revisão. Os resultados obtidos com as análises dos artigos evidenciaram que atletas estão sujeitos às disfunções temporomandibulares não somente pelas lesões sofridas durante as competições, mas também por fatores associados ao estresse e ao uso de dispositivos específicos da prática desportiva.

CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de disfunções temporomandibulares é comum entre atletas, mas elas podem ser evitadas com a utilização de medidas preventivas e tratamentos conservadores. O acompanhamento odontológico é fundamental para prevenir ou tratar a disfunção temporomandibular.

Palavras-chave

Atletas, Bruxismo, Saúde bucal, Síndrome da disfunção da articulação temporomandibular

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Submetido em:
02/06/2020

Aceito em:
07/01/2021

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