Brazilian Journal of Pain
https://brjp.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2595-0118.20220008
Brazilian Journal of Pain
Original Article

Analgesic effect of pregabalin and magnesium sulfate after mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy

Efeito analgésico da pregabalina e do sulfato de magnésio no pósoperatório de mastectomia com linfadenectomia axilar

José Nilson Fortaleza de Araújo; Marcos Venicio Alves Lima; Giane Nakamura

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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mastectomy with lymphadenectomy is a surgery associated with moderate to severe pain in the immediate postoperatory. Several safe adjuvant drugs that provide good analgesia with few adverse effects have been researched. Pregabalin and magnesium sulfate are drugs that promote analgesia with few adverse effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of pregabalin and magnesium sulfate in the postoperatory of mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy.

METHODS: Double-blinded, randomized study involving 80 patients submitted to mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy under general anesthesia. The patients were distributed into 4 groups: Control (CG, did not receive the proposed adjuvant drug); Magnesium+Placebo (MG, received magnesium sulfate during anesthesia); Pregabalin+Magnesium (P+MG, received magnesium added to pregabalin 150 mg before and 12 h after surgery); and Pregabalin+Placebo (PG, received pregabalin). All patients completed the Self-Report Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) to screen for possible mental disorders and had their physical status monitored at 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h after surgery, through anamnesis, pain questionnaire, opioid consumption, and presence of complications and/or adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, and sleepiness. Randomization was performed using sealed opaque envelopes without the knowledge of the anesthesiologist (researcher) and the patient.

RESULTS: For each group, twenty patients were randomized, which were analyzed at the end of the study. The number of patients presenting absent/mild pain in P+MG was significantly higher than in CG, MG and PG after one hour. After 12 hours, P+MG and PG had more patients with absent/mild pain than CG and MG. At 24 hours postoperatively, all patients in all evaluated groups had no moderate/severe pain. There was no diference in the frequency of patients presenting nausea or vomiting, nor in the scores of the sleep evaluation after surgery in the four groups.

CONCLUSION: The combination of magnesium sulfate and pregabalin provided satisfactory analgesia in the first hour after mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy. Nevertheless, magnesium sulfate isolated presented no analgesic beneft for the patients, and pregabalin isolated was only slightly effective at the first hour after surgery.

Keywords

Postoperative pain, Pregabalin, Magnesium sulfate

Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Mastectomia com linfadenectomia é uma cirurgia que causa dor moderada ou intensa no pós-operatório imediato. Muitos fármacos adjuvantes, seguros, que promovem boa analgesia e com poucos efeitos adversos têm sido pesquisados. A pregabalina e o sulfato de magnésio são fármacos que promovem analgesia com poucos efeitos adversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito analgésico da pregabalina e do sulfato de magnésio no pós-operatório de mastectomia com linfadenectomia axilar.

MÉTODOS: Estudo randomizado e duplo-cego envolvendo 80 pacientes submetidas à mastectomia com linfadenectomia axilar sob anestesia geral. As pacientes foram divididas em quatro grupos: Controle (GC, não receberam o fármaco adjuvante proposto); Magnésio+Placebo (GM, receberam sulfato de magnésio durante a anestesia); Pregabalina+Magnésio (GP+M, receberam magnésio adicionado a pregabalina 150 mg antes e 12 h após a cirurgia); e Pregabalina+Placebo (GP, receberam a pregabalina). Todas as pacientes responderam o Self-Report Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) para rastrear possível transtorno mental e foram seguidas, monitorando o estado físico 1h, 12h e 24h após a cirurgia, através de anamnese, questionário de dor, consumo de opioides e presença de complicações e/ou eventos adversos como náusea, vômito e sonolência. A randomização foi realizada por meio de envelopes opacos e selados sem o conhecimento do anestesiologista (pesquisador) e do paciente.

RESULTADOS: Foram randomizadas 20 pacientes para cada grupo, as quais foram analisadas ao fim do estudo. O número de pacientes apresentando dor ausente/leve no GP+M foi significantemente maior que nos GC, GM e GP após uma hora. Após 12 horas, GP+M e GP apresentaram maior número de pacientes com dor ausente/leve que GC e GM. Em 24 horas do pós-operatório, todos os pacientes de todos os grupos avaliados não apresentaram dor moderada/severa. Não houve diferença na frequência de pacientes apresentando náusea ou vômito, nem nos escores da avaliação do sono após a cirurgia nos quatro grupos.

CONCLUSÃO: A associação de sulfato de magnésio e pregabalina causa boa analgesia de mastectomia com linfadenectomia axilar na primeira hora do pós-operatório. No entanto, o uso isolado do sulfato de magnésio não trouxe benefício para analgesia nestas pacientes, assim como a pregabalina sozinha se mostrou pouco efetiva na primeira hora de avaliação.

Palavras-chave

Dor pós-operatória, Pregabalina, Sulfato de magnésio

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Submitted date:
03/02/2021

Accepted date:
01/06/2022

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