Anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids
Efeitos anti-inflamatórios dos canabinoides
Alexandre Magno da Nóbrega Marinho; Ricardo Wagner Gomes da Silva Neto
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of cannabinoids for epileptic syndrome and control of side effects associated with chemotherapy is already widespread and supported by several well-controlled clinical trials. However, the use of these drugs in inflammatory pathologies is sometimes underestimated due to lack of scientific knowledge with a high degree of evidence, non-recognition of the endocannabinoid system as an active participant in these diseases, as well as fear of the stereotype surrounding the use of cannabis derivatives. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids on various physiological systems in which these ligands interact.
CONTENTS: Studies cited in this review were obtained by searching Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar, Scielo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS, and through the authors’ familiarity with the published literature in this area of interest. Clinical, observational and intervention, experimental, qualitative studies and review articles were all included in the search. Articles were identified using the following descriptors: cannabis and tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol and endocannabinoids and anti-inflammatory inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, a manual revision of relevant references was also performed to capture articles that may not have been picked up through the initial search. The literature investigation was conducted from March 22 to May 2022.
CONCLUSION: Cannabinoids show to be a promising therapeutic option in the context of inflammatory diseases, given the complete and complex relationship between the endocannabinoid system and the immune system. The setback to be overcome in the use of cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory drugs includes the synthesis of non-psychoactive cannabinoid receptor agonists while maintaining potent anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies are needed to increase our understanding of cannabinoids and their intricate effects on immune system disorders.
Keywords
Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O uso de canabinoides para síndrome epiléptica e controle de efeitos adversos associados à quimioterapia já é amplamente difundido e apoiado por vários ensaios clínicos bem controlados. Entretanto, o uso destes fármacos em doenças inflamatórias é, por vezes, subestimado pela falta de conhecimento científico com alto grau de evidência, pelo não reconhecimento do sistema endocanabinoide como participante ativo destas doenças, bem como por receio do estereótipo que envolve o uso dos derivados da cannabis. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos anti-inflamatórios e antioxidantes de canabinoides endógenos e exógenos em vários sistemas fisiológicos nos quais esses ligantes interagem.
CONTEÚDO: Estudos citados nesta revisão foram obtidos por meio de buscas feitas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, Google Acadêmico, Scielo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS, e através da familiaridade dos autores com a literatura publicada nesta área de interesse. Estudos clínicos, observacionais e de intervenção, experimentais, qualitativos e artigos de revisão foram todos incluídos na pesquisa. Os artigos foram identificados usando os seguintes descritores: cannabis , tetraidrocanabinol e canabidiol e endocanabinoides e inflamação anti-inflamatório e estresse oxidativo. Ademais, uma revisão manual nas referências relevantes também foi realizada para captura de artigos que podem não ter sido captados por meio da busca inicial. A investigação na literatura foi realizada no período de 22 de março a 17 de maio de 2022.
CONCLUSÃO: Os canabinoides demonstram ser uma opção terapêutica promissora no contexto das doenças inflamatórias, haja vista a completa e complexa relação entre o sistema endocanabinoide e o sistema imune. O revés a ser vencido no uso de canabinoides como fármacos anti-inflamatórios inclui a síntese de agonistas de receptores canabinoides que não sejam psicoativos, mantendo a potente atividade anti-inflamatória. Novos estudos são necessários para aumentar a compreensão dos canabinoides e seus efeitos intrincados sobre distúrbios do sistema imunológico.
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Submitted date:
05/17/2022
Accepted date:
02/06/2023
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