Retrograde inhibition of hyperactive central pathways in nociplastic pain
Inibição retrógrada das vias centrais hiperativas nas dores nociplásticas
Maria Teresa R. J. Jacob; Beatriz Jacob Milani
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nociplastic pain occurs due to a combination of hyperexcitability and decreased inhibitory activity in the central nervous system, responsible for a state of amplification of different stimuli, present in many chronic disorders. Among them: fibromyalgia, chronic migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. Often, several of these diseases are associated. Nociplastic pain therapy is a challenge in clinical practice, since most traditional treatments are not effective in controlling symptoms, often causing difficulty in adherence or even interruption of treatment due to undesirable adverse effects. The objective of this article was to demonstrate the importance of identifying the presence of nociplastic pain in the patient’s condition, and also the pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Thus, due to retrograde neuromodulation, a unique feature of the endocannabinoid system until now, evaluate the use of pharmaceutical grade medicines based on the cannabis plant as an adjunct in the therapy of pain and other symptoms associated with this disorder.
CONTENTS: This article was addressed the pathophysiology of nociplastic pain, the physiology to the endocannabinoid system, the cannabis plant with its components and its use as an adjuvant medication in the multimodal treatment of nociplastic pain (due to retrograde neuromodulation), based on published scientific articles between 1981 and 2022.
CONCLUSION: Although the scientific evidence supporting the use of medical cannabis in nociplastic pain therapy is insufficient so far, it can and should be considered as a possible adjuvant medication in multimodal pain therapy, always on an individual basis, when recommended treatments fail or are not tolerated.
Keywords
Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor nociplástica ocorre por uma combinação de hiperexcitabilidade e diminuição da atividade inibitória no sistema nervoso central, responsável por um estado de amplificação de estímulos diversos, presente em muitas doenças crônicas. Entre essas doenças estão: fibromialgia, migrânea crônica, síndrome do intestino irritável, síndrome dolorosa miofascial e síndrome de dor complexa regional. Frequentemente, várias dessas doenças se apresentam associadas. A terapia da dor nociplástica é um desafio na prática clínica, uma vez que a maioria dos tratamentos tradicionais não são eficazes no controle dos sintomas, causando muitas vezes dificuldade de adesão ou até mesmo interrupção do tratamento, devido aos efeitos adversos indesejáveis. O objetivo deste artigo foi demonstrar a importância da identificação da presença da dor nociplástica no quadro do paciente, e do conhecimento dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos. Dessa forma, devido à neuromodulação retrógrada, característica exclusiva do sistema endocanabinoide até o momento, avaliar a utilização de fármacos de grau farmacêutico à base da planta cannabis como coadjuvante na terapia da dor e dos outros sintomas associados a essa doença.
CONTEÚDO: Este artigo abordou a fisiopatologia da dor nociplástica, a fisiologia do sistema endocanabinoide, a planta cannabis com seus componentes e sua utilização como medicação coadjuvante no tratamento multimodal da dor nociplástica (decorrente da neuromodulação retrógrada), com base em artigos científicos publicados entre 1981 e 2022.
CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das evidências científicas que apoiam o uso da cannabis medicinal na terapia da dor nociplástica serem insuficientes até o momento, ela pode e deve ser considerada como um possível fármaco coadjuvante na terapia multimodal da dor, sempre de forma individualizada, quando os tratamentos preconizados falharem ou não forem tolerados
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Submetido em:
28/03/2023
Aceito em:
28/04/2023
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