Possibilities of the nurse’s action in front of the effects of social isolation on the patient with chronic pain: integrative review
Possibilidades de atuação do enfermeiro frente aos efeitos do isolamento social no paciente com dor crônica: revisão integrativa
Fracielle Rozendo de Carvalho; Silvia Sidnéia da Silva; Alexandra de Souza Melo; Priscila de Medeiros; Lilian Sheila de Melo Pereira do-Carmo; Belisa Vieira da Silveira
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social isolation, as experienced in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, has triggered psychological and neuropsychiatric problems; these conditions can aggravate chronic pain crises. It is also known that social relationships play an important role in pain and emotions. Chronic pain (CP) is a challenging disease, especially in terms of its multifaceted mechanisms and treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of nurses’ work with patients with CP and the impact of social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
CONTENTS: This is an integrative review, carried out in the Virtual Health Library (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS) and Medline via Pubmed databases of the National Library of Medicine. To select the articles, the following descriptors in health sciences and Medical Subject Headings (DeCS/MeSh) were considered: “Social isolation”, “Chronic pain”, “COVID-19”, “Nursing care” and “Patient care planning”, with their synonyms/alternative terms. A total of 45,703 articles were found; based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were selected. This study hoped to answer the following guiding questions: “how do nurses work with individuals with CP during the social isolation caused by COVID-19”? and “what are the consequences of social isolation for this population due to the COVID-19 pandemic?”. Of the 27 articles, most were published in North America and Europe, and three in Brazil. The population most affected by CP are seniors, women and people on low incomes. In terms of profession, only three of the 27 articles were published by nurses. The data was discussed considering the work of nurses with individuals with CP, especially through telehealth, as well as the impacts that people with CP have suffered from social isolation during the coronavirus pandemic.
CONCLUSION: There is a significant gap in the literature regarding the role of nurses with individuals with CP in social isolation, suggesting the need for further studies in this area, mainly at the national level. From the studies found, it was evidenced that individuals who live with CP have the multiple dimensions of the human being affected, but that in this moment of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the worst commitment was the emotional one. Thus, with the continued rise of telehealth and the possibility of future pandemics, it is recommended to move the existing guidelines for the formal development of telehealth competencies towards relevant curricular content and clinical experience for all nursing programs.
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Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O isolamento social, como vivenciado no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, desencadeou problemas psicológicos e neuropsiquiátricos; essas condições podem agravar as crises de dor crônicas. Além disso, é sabido que as relações sociais têm um papel importante na dor e nas emoções. A dor crônica (DC) apresenta-se como uma doença desafiadora, sobretudo quanto aos seus mecanismos multifacetados e ao seu tratamento. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi trazer uma maior compreensão da atuação do enfermeiro nos pacientes com DC e do impacto do isolamento social decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19.
CONTEÚDO: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Medline via Pubmed da National Library of Medicine. Para a seleção dos artigos foram considerados os descritores em ciências da saúde e Medical Subject Headings (DeCS/MeSh): “Isolamento social”, “Dor crônica”, “COVID-19”, “Cuidados de enfermagem” e “Planejamento de assistência ao paciente”, com os seus sinônimos/termos alternativos. Foram encontrados 45.703 artigos; a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 27 artigos. Este estudo esperou responder às seguintes perguntas norteadoras: “qual a atuação do enfermeiro com o indivíduo com DC durante o isolamento social da COVID-19?”, e “quais as consequências do isolamento social devido à pandemia da COVID-19 para essa população?”. Dos 27 artigos, a maior parte foi publicada na América do Norte e Europa, e três no Brasil. A população mais afetada pela DC são idosos, mulheres e pessoas de baixa renda. Em relação à profissão, dos 27 artigos somente três foram publicados por enfermeiros. Os dados foram discutidos considerando a atuação do enfermeiro para com o indivíduo com DC, em especial por meio da telessaúde, bem como os impactos que as pessoas com DC sofreram com o isolamento social durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus.
CONCLUSÃO: Há uma significativa lacuna na literatura no que tange à atuação do enfermeiro com indivíduos com DC em isolamento social, sugerindo a necessidade de maiores estudos nessa área, principalmente a nível nacional. Nos estudos encontrados, foi evidenciado que indivíduos que vivem com DC possuem as múltiplas dimensões humanas afetadas, mas nesse momento de isolamento social devido à pandemia da COVID-19 a dimensão de pior comprometimento foi a emocional. Assim, com o aumento contínuo da telessaúde e a possibilidade de futuras pandemias, recomenda-se mover as diretrizes existentes para o desenvolvimento formal de competências da telessaúde por conteúdo curricular relevante e experiência clínica para todos os programas de enfermagem.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
18/04/2023
Aceito em:
04/09/2023
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