Brazilian Journal of Pain
https://brjp.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2595-0118.20230075-en
Brazilian Journal of Pain
Artigo de Revisão

Use of multimodal anesthesia in the treatment of postoperative pain

Uso da anestesia multimodal no tratamento da dor pós-operatória

Thaíza Paula Martins; Danila Malheiros Souza; Daiane Malheiros Souza

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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hippocrates already said 2400 years ago: “relieving pain is a divine work”. Postoperative pain is an important symptom, because it affects the patient’s recovery and because of the risk of pain chronicity. And as a treatment option, there is multimodal analgesia, mentioned in several studies as the best approach, although opioid therapy is still the main treatment for pain after surgical interventions. The objective of this study was to describe the use of multimodal anesthesia in the treatment of pain, especially in the postoperative period.
CONTENTS: A literature review was performed on studies that explained multimodal analgesia, its components, and which analyzed therapeutic drug options. The theme was approached from a consultation of articles published in LILACS, Scielo, Medline and Pubmed, in English and Portuguese, between the years 2012 and 2022. The keywords used for research were: “multimodal analgesia”, “multimodal anesthesia”, “surgical procedures” “postoperative”. In the results, examples of drugs that are part of multimodal analgesia in different procedures were listed.
CONCLUSION: In this way, multimodal anesthesia has demonstrated its benefits for the treatment of postoperative pain in various surgical procedures. However, further studies are needed so that this modality can be used more widely.

Keywords

Multimodal anesthesia, Pain, Postoperative, Treatment

Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Hipócrates já dizia há 2400 anos: “aliviar a dor é uma obra divina”. A dor pós-operatória é um sintoma importante por causar repercussões na recuperação do paciente e devido ao risco de cronicidade da dor. Como opção de tratamento, tem-se a analgesia multimodal, sendo mencionada em diversos estudos como a melhor conduta, embora a terapia com opioides ainda seja o principal tratamento para a dor após intervenções cirúrgicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o uso da anestesia multimodal no tratamento da dor, em especial no pós-operatório. 
CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre estudos que explicitaram a analgesia multimodal e seus componentes, ou que analisaram opções terapêuticas de fármacos. O tema foi abordado a partir de uma consulta de artigos publicados nas bases LILACS, Scielo, Medline e Pubmed, na língua inglesa e em português, entre os anos de 2012 e 2022. As palavras-chaves utilizadas para pesquisa foram: “multimodal analgesia”, “multimodal anesthesia”, “surgical procedures” e “postoperative”. Nos resultados, foram listados exemplos de fármacos que fazem parte da analgesia multimodal em diferentes procedimentos. 
CONCLUSÃO: Nesse sentido, a anestesia multimodal demonstrou seus benefícios para o tratamento da dor no pós-operatório em vários procedimentos cirúrgicos. Contudo, são necessários novos estudos a fim de que esta modalidade seja utilizada de forma mais abrangente. 

Palavras-chave

Anestesia multimodal, Dor, Pós-operatório, Tratamento

Referências

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Submetido em:
06/11/2022

Aceito em:
05/10/2023

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