Brazilian Journal of Pain
https://brjp.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2595-0118.20240013-en
Brazilian Journal of Pain
Artigo Original

Subtypes of temporomandibular disorders in patients diagnosed with otalgia: observational study

Subtipos de desordem temporomandibular em pacientes diagnosticados com otalgia: estudo observacional

Dilene Marques Henrique de Albuquerque; Luciane Lacerda Franco Rocha Rodrigues; Márcio Rogério Onofre Duarte; Carlos Augusto Fernandes; Expedito Nóbrega de Oliveira; António Sérgio Guimarães

http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2595-0118.20240013-en BrJP, vol.7, e20240013, 2024
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) has complex symptoms that involve the orofacial region, such as otalgia. Considering the difficult differential diagnoses for associating otological symptoms with TMD. The aim of this study was to verify the diagnosis of TMD in patients with otalgia.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, where 75 patients diagnosed with otalgia were evaluated. The European Academy of Craniomandibular Disorders’s (EACD) screening questionnaire was initially applied, and those who answered affirmatively to at least one question were evaluated by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), with a final sample of 50 patients. Data were tabulated and ANOVA verified whether there was a statistical difference between TMD subtypes classified by DC/TMD, considering confidence intervals with 95% significance.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 39.9±14.1 years, with a predominance of females (76%) (p<0.0001). Among those diagnosed with TMD, females also predominated, with a higher percentage in all evaluated subtypes, with emphasis on arthralgia (82%) and myofascial pain with limited opening (81.8%), followed by myofascial pain (74%) and disc displacement with reduction (72.7%). When observing the distribution of TMD subtypes between genders, there was a predominance of myofascial pain in males (75%) and females (68%), but no statistical significance was observed in this variable and in the others studied.
CONCLUSION: Patients with otalgia had one or more TMD subtypes, and the myofascial subtype TMD was the most prevalent among study participants.

Keywords

Earache, Facial pain, Temporomandibular joint disorder

Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) possui sintomas complexos que envolvem a região orofacial, como a otalgia. Considerando os difíceis diagnósticos diferenciais para associar sintomas otológicos com DTM. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o diagnóstico de DTM em pacientes com otalgia.
MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo transversal e descritivo, com uma avaliação de 75 pacientes diagnosticados com otalgia. O questionário de triagem da Academia Europeia de Disfunções Craniomandibulares (EACD) foi aplicado inicialmente, e aqueles que responderam afirmativamente a pelo menos uma questão foram avaliados pelo Critério Diagnóstico de Pesquisa para Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DC/TMD), com amostra final de 50 pacientes. Os dados foram tabulados e por meio da ANOVA foi verificado se havia diferença estatística entre os subtipos de DTM classificados pelo DC/TMD, considerando intervalos de confiança com 95% de significância.
RESULTADOS: A idade média dos participantes foi de 39,9±14,1 anos. Além disso, predominou-se o sexo feminino (76%) (p<0,0001), com maior percentual em todos os subtipos avaliados, destacando-se a artralgia (82%) e a dor miofascial com limitação de abertura (81,8%), seguida da dor miofascial (74%) e deslocamento de disco com redução (72,7%). Quando observada a distribuição dos subtipos de DTM entre os sexos, notou-se predominância de dor miofascial no sexo masculino (75%) e feminino (68%), mas não foi observada significância estatística nessa variável e nas demais estudadas.
CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com otalgia manifestaram mais de um dos subtipos de DTM, sendo o subtipo de dor miofascial o mais prevalente entre os participantes do estudo.

Palavras-chave

Dor orofacial, Disfunção temporomandibular, Otalgia

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Submetido em:
16/05/2023

Aceito em:
30/11/2023

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