Prognostic tools in palliative care: a scope review
Ferramentas prognósticas de sobrevida em cuidados paliativos: revisão de escopo
Alyni Sebastiany Mendes Ferreira; Lucas Soares Brito; Letícia Arrais Rocha; Beatriz Morais Costa; Felipe Silva Ribeiro; João Batista Santos Garcia
Abstract
Keywords
Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A incerteza quanto ao momento exato da morte exige previsões de sobrevivência precisas para melhorar o cuidado no final da vida. Este estudo visou mapear e orientar o uso de ferramentas prognósticas em cuidados paliativos (CP), apesar da falta de comparações abrangentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as evidências disponíveis sobre as Escalas Prognósticas de Sobrevida validadas utilizadas em pacientes em CP.
CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo utilizando o método do Instituto Joanna Briggs, com a metodologia PCC (população, conceito e contexto) nas bases de dados Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Medline (via EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus with Full Text, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e SCOPUS. A revisão cobriu 504 estudos publicados entre 1999 e 2020, dos quais 40 permaneceram após três etapas de seleção. Apresenta-se em 13 diferentes ferramentas encontradas e seus fatores prognósticos em formato de tabela e as caracterizamos uma a uma. A escala Índice Prognóstico Paliativo (PPI) estava presente em 52,5% dos estudos, aparecendo no maior número de publicações.
CONCLUSÃO: Esta revisão de escopo revelou um número ainda pequeno de estudos relacionados a ferramentas prognósticas em CP, especialmente abordando outras doenças com risco de vida, o que dificulta a construção de políticas internacionais, assim como demonstra o custo-benefício e a efetividade dessas ferramentas. O grande número de diferentes fatores prognósticos torna cada escala mais indicada e eficaz dependendo do cenário, confirmando a necessidade de pesquisas para avaliar a aplicabilidade e a efetividade destas, não apenas em um, mas em vários ambientes e situações diferentes.
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References
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Submitted date:
06/21/2024
Accepted date:
09/26/2024
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