Temporal summation, conditioned pain modulation, pressure pain threshold and central sensitization symptoms in individuals with chronic migraine: cross sectional observational study
Somação temporal, modulação condicionada da dor, limiar de dor à pressão e sintomas de sensibilização central em indivíduos com migrânea crônica: estudo observacional transversal
Maria Ivone Oliveira Dantas; Anne Carolline de Freitas Souza; Josimari Melo DeSantana
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic migraine is defined by attacks on 15 or more days per month, with at least eight of them presenting typical migraine characteristics, and is recognized as a central sensitization syndrome marked by somatosensory alterations and a pathophysiology that remains not fully understood. This study investigates the clinical presentation of somatosensory aspects in individuals with chronic migraine during the interictal phase compared to healthy individuals.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in individuals with chronic migraine and healthy individuals aged between 18 and 55 years. Measures: temporal summation (temporal summation test), conditioned pain modulation (conditioned pain modulation test), pressure pain threshold (algometer), central sensitization (Central Sensitization Inventory) and allodynia (12-item checklist of allodynia symptoms).
RESULTS: 32 migraine individuals (MG) and 22 from the health control group (CG) were included in this study. In the temporal sum test, pain amplification showed a significant difference between groups MG and CG in all seconds analyzed. Pressure pain thresholds were significantly lower in the moments of three measurements in the MG compared to the CG in the conditioned pain modulation test. Pressure pain thresholds in the head, neck and right tibialis anterior muscles were significantly lower in the MG compared to the CG. Central Sensitization Inventory scores were equivalent to an average of 56/100 points, representing a severe level of these central sensitization symptoms with chronic migraine. Severe symptoms of allodynia were present in 52% of participants with chronic migraine.
CONCLUSION: When assessed in the interictal period, individuals with chronic migraine showed alterations in somatosensory aspects related to pain, identified by amplification of the magnitude of the pain response, deficits in endogenous pain inhibition mechanisms, profound mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia.
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Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A migrânea crônica é definida por ataques em 15 ou mais dias por mês, com pelo menos oito deles apresentando características típicas de migrânea, sendo reconhecida como uma síndrome de sensibilização central marcada por alterações somatossensoriais e uma fisiopatologia que permanece não totalmente compreendida. Este estudo investiga a apresentação clínica dos aspectos somatossensoriais em indivíduos com migrânea crônica durante a fase interictal em comparação com indivíduos saudáveis.
MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal observacional conduzido em indivíduos com migrânea crônica e indivíduos saudáveis com idade entre 18 e 55 anos. Medidas: somação temporal (teste de somação temporal), modulação condicionada da dor (teste de modulação condicionada da dor), limiar de dor à pressão (algômetro), sensibilização central (Central Sensitization Inventory) e alodínia (lista de verificação de 12 itens de sintomas de alodínia).
RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos neste estudo 32 indivíduos com migrânea crônica (GM) e 22 no grupo controle (GC). No teste de somação temporal, a amplificação da dor apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos GM e GC em todos os segundos analisados. Os limiares de dor à pressão foram significativamente menores nos momentos das três medidas no GM em comparação ao GC no teste de modulação condicionada da dor. Os limiares de dor à pressão nos músculos da cabeça, pescoço e tibial anterior direito foram significativamente menores no GM em comparação ao GC. Os escores do Inventário de Sensibilização Central foram equivalentes à média de 56/100 pontos, representando um nível grave desses sintomas de sensibilização central nos participantes com migrânea crônica. Sintomas graves de alodínia estavam presentes em 52% dos participantes com migrânea crônica.
CONCLUSÃO: Quando avaliados no período intericta, os indivíduos com migrânea crônica apresentaram alterações nos aspectos somatossensoriais relacionados à dor identificados por meio da amplificação da magnitude da resposta dolorosa, déficits nos mecanismos endógenos de inibição da dor, hiperalgesia mecânica profunda e alodínia.
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References
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Submitted date:
02/02/2024
Accepted date:
12/02/2024
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